Understanding dementia medications

If you've just been diagnosed with dementia, you might be wondering what medications are available to help manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. Here’s a guide to the types of dementia medications you might be offered.

Cholinesterase inhibitors

These are commonly prescribed for people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia. The three main cholinesterase inhibitors are:

• Donepezil (Aricept)

• Rivastigmine (Exelon)

• Galantamine (Reminyl)

These medications work by increasing levels of a chemical in the brain that helps with memory and thinking. They can help with symptoms like memory loss, confusion, and difficulties with thinking and understanding.

Memantine

Memantine (brand name Namenda) is another type of medication, usually prescribed for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. It works differently from cholinesterase inhibitors and helps by regulating another brain chemical involved in memory and learning. Memantine can help with symptoms like confusion and agitation.

Medications for other types of dementia

For other types of dementia, like vascular dementia or Lewy body dementia, the same medications might be used, depending on your specific symptoms. However, the effectiveness can vary, and your doctor will advise on the best approach for your situation.

Medications for behavioural symptoms

Dementia can sometimes cause behavioural changes, such as anxiety, depression, agitation, or aggression. Doctors might prescribe antidepressants, antipsychotics, or anti-anxiety medications to help manage these symptoms. It’s important to note that these are usually considered only when non-medication approaches haven’t worked, and they are carefully monitored due to potential side effects.

Considering the benefits and risks

Your doctor will discuss the potential benefits and risks of any medication they recommend. Everyone’s experience with dementia is different, so what works for one person might not work for another. Your healthcare team will work closely with you to find the most effective treatment plan.

Regular reviews

Once you start a medication, you’ll have regular check-ups to see how it’s working. Your doctor might adjust the dose or switch medications if needed. It’s important to tell your doctor about any side effects or new symptoms you notice.

Remember, you’re not alone – your healthcare team is there to support you and help you make the best choices for your health. If you have any questions about your medications, don’t hesitate to ask your doctor or nurse.

Sources: Dementia UK, Alzheimer’s Society, NHS