Understanding delirium

Caring for someone with dementia can be challenging, especially when they experience sudden changes in their behaviour or awareness. One of these changes could be delirium. But what is delirium, and how can you spot it?

What is delirium?
Delirium is a sudden state of confusion that can make a person disoriented, unable to focus, or act out of character. It usually happens quickly, over hours or days, and is different from the slow progression of dementia. While dementia affects memory and thinking over time, delirium comes on fast and can vary throughout the day.

Why does it happen?
Delirium can be triggered by a number of things, like infections, dehydration, or even changes in medication. A stay in the hospital or a sudden change in surroundings can also cause it. The brain of someone with dementia is already vulnerable, so when something disrupts their usual routine, delirium can set in.

Signs to look for:

• Sudden confusion or being disoriented (not knowing where they are)

• Hallucinations or seeing things that aren’t there

• Restlessness or agitation

• Being unusually quiet or withdrawn

• Trouble focusing on conversations or tasks

What can you do?
If you notice these signs, it’s important to get medical help right away. Delirium can be treated, especially if the cause is found quickly, such as an infection or dehydration. Once treated recovery may take some time.

Prevention tips
To help prevent delirium, try to keep routines consistent and make sure the person you care for stays hydrated and comfortable. Regular check-ups and good communication with healthcare professionals are also key.

Source: NHS