How to spot and handle medical issues in people with dementia

When caring for someone with dementia, it’s important to keep an eye out for any medical issues that might come up. Dementia can make it harder for someone to tell you if they’re feeling unwell or in pain, so being aware of the signs is key to keeping them safe and comfortable.

Here’s how to spot potential medical problems and care for your loved one if they arise.

Signs of medical issues to look out for

1. Changes in behaviour
   If your loved one is more agitated, anxious, or withdrawn than usual, it could be a sign they’re not feeling well. Pay attention to mood swings or unusual behaviour.

2. Physical symptoms
   Look for any visible signs of discomfort, like grimacing, restlessness, or avoiding certain activities. Unexplained weight loss, dehydration, or frequent infections are also red flags.

3. Sleeping problems
   Trouble sleeping, or sleeping much more or less than usual, can sometimes point to underlying health problems like pain or illness.

4. Worsening cognitive symptoms
   A sudden worsening of memory loss, confusion, or disorientation could be a sign of an infection (like a urinary tract infection), dehydration, or other health issues that need attention.

How to care for someone with dementia and medical issues

1. Consult a doctor
   If you notice any unusual changes, it’s always best to consult a doctor. They can assess the situation, diagnose any medical issues, and provide guidance on treatment.

2. Stay calm and reassuring
   People with dementia can easily become confused or upset by medical problems. Stay calm and offer reassurance, explaining things simply. Be patient and kind, as your loved one may have trouble understanding or cooperating.

3. Follow medical advice
   Once a doctor has provided a diagnosis, make sure to follow their advice closely. Whether it’s taking medications, attending follow-up appointments, or making lifestyle changes, sticking to the plan will help manage the issue.

4. Maintain a healthy routine
   Encouraging a balanced diet, regular hydration, and gentle physical activity can help prevent some health issues. Keeping a consistent routine also provides comfort and helps reduces stress for someone with dementia.

5. Watch for changes
   Keep monitoring your loved one’s condition closely, and note any improvements or setbacks. Keeping a diary can help track any symptoms or concerns to share with the doctor.

Caring for someone with dementia means staying alert for signs of medical issues, even when they can’t communicate them clearly. By watching for changes in behaviour, mood, and physical health, you can catch potential problems early and get the right treatment.

Source: NHS