Here are some typical indicators of pain:
Fidgeting or being more restless than usual
A change in how they move, such as limping or being hunched over when they walk
Holding a part of their body
Frowning or grimacing
Calling out
Being unusually aggressive or defensive during washing or dressing
Anger
Losing interest in food
There are also some physical symptoms of pain that can be easier to identify, such as:
Increased pulse
Sweating or shivering
Pale skin
Swollen joints (which may be caused by arthritis)
Dealing with signs of pain
Ask your loved one if they are in pain. Even if they aren’t able to speak, they may be able to point to the area of the body that hurts.
You can ask them questions that are easy for them to reply to, such as: ‘Does it hurt here?’ or ‘Where does it hurt?
However, they may not be able to respond. If you suspect the person is in pain, speak to their GP straight away. Depending on the situation, they may be able to prescribe mild analgesia or refer them for tests. Never ignore signs of pain, even if the person is unable to tell you about them. Always trust your instincts.
Other causes of pain
If your loved one has other health conditions that may cause them pain, try to take a proactive approach. Arrange for them to have regular health checks and ensure they keep on top of any prescribed medication.
Arthritis can cause joint pain and is more common in older people. It can cause pain in the hands, feet, limbs, neck and spine. If you notice any swelling or redness, speak to your loved one’s GP or pharmacist for advice.
Inactivity and pain
Sitting still all day or lying in bed for too long can cause the person to get stiff, which can lead to pain. Encourage the person to get up and go out for a walk if they can. Join them on regular walking breaks.
When the person is sitting down, make sure they have a good supportive chair and use cushions for further support if need be.
Hot or cold packs can help with general aches and pains.
When to use a heat pack?
Heat packs can help with back and neck pain and sore muscles. They can also help with chronic pain, such as arthritis, by loosening tissues and increasing blood flow. Heat packs should not be used immediately after an injury, such as a fall. Heat can usually be applied when an injury is over two days old.
When to use an ice pack?
Ice packs reduce swelling and inflammation, such as after a sprain, strain, or bruise. Wrap an ice pack in a damp towel or folded kitchen roll before applying it. Never put an ice pack directly onto your loved one’s skin, an open wound, or a graze.
Seek medical advice if you are unsure whether a heat or ice pack would be the best option. Always seek medical help for any sudden changes, like unexpected swelling.
Dental pain
Your loved one may have dental pain due to tooth decay or damage. They may struggle to brush their teeth or may forget to do it. It would be helpful to them if you could remind them to brush their teeth. If you suspect they can no longer do it on their own, you may need to do it for them.
Ensure the person has regular dental checks if it’s not too upsetting for them. This may be more of a challenge in the later stages of their dementia.
Signs of dental pain can include:
• Refusing food
• Grimacing or wincing when brushing their teeth
• Bad breath
• Removing their dentures
Sources:
https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-information-leaflets/ice-and-heat-treatment/
https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/health-advice/pain-and-dementia/
https://dementiahelpuk.com/coping-with-aggression-in-a-person-with-dementia/